The Prince and the Plunder

A book on how Britain took one boy and piles of treasures from Ethiopia

Category: Tabots

Tabot

Published / by Andrew Heavens / Leave a Comment

What: A tabot from the collection of “Colonel Mackie”

Where: The British Museum, Great Russell St, Bloomsbury, London WC1B 3DG

British museum database:
Museum number: Af1968,0401.1
Purchased from: Miss Mackie in 1968
Previous owner/ex-collection: Col Mackie

There is no mention of Magdala in the database entry. But a Major Mackie served in the 1868 Abyssinian campaign with the Transport Corps, according to Hart’s Army List.

The abbey tabot

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What: One tabot, hidden in an altar
Where: Westminster Abbey, Dean’s Yard, London, SW1

Here’s how to find some buried treasure in the centre of London.

Forget the explorer’s gear, the hat, the whip. You don’t need to look like Indiana Jones for this. Dress like a tourist and head to Westminster Abbey, across the road from the Houses of Parliament. Hand over the exorbitant entrance fee and follow the crowds past the tombs of empire grandees, prime ministers, princes and poets.

Towards the end of the trail, you will come to a chapel that holds the remains of King Henry VII and his wife Elizabeth. Wait for the red-robed guards to move away, edge past the velvet ropes at the altar and poke your head around the back. And there you will see … well, at first glance, not very much.

Push your luck and edge a bit further round, getting your body into the gap between the altar and the tomb. You should be able to make out two windows, a few inches wide, set into altar’s rear wall.

If the guards still haven’t spotted you, peer into the first one on the left, and you are going to be disappointed. The window is a sheet of something like perspex over a small rectangular chamber cut into the back of the altar. But someone has smeared paint over the inside of the pane, blocking the view. Below it, on the wall, there’s a carved message describing what’s hidden inside – a fragment of Canterbury Cathedral bearing the marks of the fire which destroyed parts of it in 1174. A dig through the archives will tell you the fragment is a blue-green stone, a piece of jasper, left inside Henry’s altar like an ancient lucky charm. But you will have to take their word for it. You can’t see anything in the murk.

Next to that there’s a smaller window, just as badly besmirched. The carved label and the archives tell you there’s a fragment of mosaic lying in the alcove behind, taken from a Greek church in Damascus that was destroyed during a massacre of Christians in 1860. Another wrecked relic sealed inside the altar, forced to share some of its magic with Henry’s monument. You can’t see it through the paint, and it is not what you are looking for anyway.

Beyond that, can you see empty space past the two windows, the space where a third window could be? Get the light right and you should indeed see the faint square outline of a slightly larger, squarer opening. Someone has blocked it off completely with a sheet of hardboard, and then painted it over the same colour as the surrounding surface – almost as if someone in the Abbey was trying to hide something.

The only clue to what is buried behind that barrier is the remains of another inscription just below it. The carved words have been filled in with plaster or paint. Get close up and you can still see the shape of the letters.

They spell out the message “…brought from Magdala in 1868“.


The abbey’s refusal to budge looks a little ungrateful when you walk on to the abbey’s sanctuary of the Quire, close to the high altar, and find two presents, given freely by Ethiopia. One is a silver gilt processional cross sent by Emperor Menelik to mark King Edward VII’s coronation in 1902 and the other is a cross carved out of a large ivory tusk given to the abbey by Ras Tafari Makonnen, Prince Regent, later Emperor Haile Selassie, in 1924. Read more about them on the website of the Anglo-Ethiopian Society.

The Edinburgh tabot

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What: A tabot, returned by St. John’s Episcopal Church, Edinburgh in 2002

Where: Ethiopia, checking exact location

One of at least 11 Tabots (consecrated altar slabs) seized at Maqdala by British soldiers. This one was taken by a Captain Arbuthnot of the 14th Hussars who may have been an Aide de Camp to General Napier, the leader of the expedition.

On return to Britain, recognising the religious significance of the artefact, he presented the Tabot to St. John’s Episcopal Church at the west end of Princes Street in Edinburgh.

More than 130 years later, it was discovered at the back of a cupboard by the church’s then associate rector The Rev John McLuckie.

McLuckie, who had worked in Addis Ababa in the past, recognised the Tabot. After consulting with people in his church, and finding about AFROMET – the Association for the Return of the Maqdala Ethiopian Treasure – through the internet, he decided to return the Tabot to Ethiopia.

A party from the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, along with hundreds of Afromet supporters, arrived in Edinburgh in January 2002. The Tabot was handed back amid huge celebrations during a service at St John’s. (See The Scotsman’s picture of the handover ceremony)

Archbishop Isaias of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church arrived in Addis Ababa with the Tabot in early February. Hundreds of thousands of Ethiopians came out into the streets to welcome it.

A Tabot is traditionally kept wrapped in cloths at the centre of an Ethiopian Orthodox church.

It focuses the presence of God in every Ethiopian church. Its removal is an act of sacrilege comparable to the removal of the Reserved Sacrament in an Anglican or Catholic church.

It is only ever seen by the priest and represents the Ark of the Covenant, which the Israelites used to carry the Ten Commandments as they travelled to the Promised Land. Ethiopian Christians believe they still possess the original Ark.

Read more about the Tabot’s discovery and its return to Addis Ababa.

Some clues about how it came to Edinburgh in the first place are found in this letter in the National Archives of Scotland in Edinburgh:

***

CH12/12/596
Letter from Dean Edward Bannerman Ramsay (Dean of Edinburgh) to Rev George Hay Forbes (Burntisland?)

23 Ainslie Place
Edinburgh

My Dear Mr Forbes,
The late King Theodore of Abyssinia had destroyed the Christian churches or some of them at Magdala – a number of relics of the internal furniture of these churches has been collected and laid up in the government stores. Captain Arbuthnot, who was with Lord Napier’s army when Magdala was taken brought some of these things home. He sent pieces to different clergymen and he sent a block of wood (which he understood had been used at the Comm table and that the xx [fulten, putten, pulten?] was put upon it) to me at St John’s. There is an inscription on it – the wood it is made of is said to be very ancient. Now dear Mr Forbes we much desiderate a translation into English of these Eastern letters. We naturally turn to you to help us. We know how skilled you are in Eastern literature and even if you did not know these Abyssinian letters we thought you could get them deciphered for us. I send therefore a little package, carriage paid, containing the inscription both in papers as copied or traced and also in plaster as a cast, I am yours sincerely and truly,

March 18, 1869

The Maggs tabot

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What: A tabot, returned by Dr Ian MacLennan in 2003

Where: Ethiopia, checking exact location

This tabot was taken from Magdala and brought to England by Hormuzd Rassam, a scholar and Queen Victoria’s Special Representative to Emperor Theodore.

It was later purchased by an English collector who put his entire stock of Ethiopian books and artefacts on sale through Maggs Bros book dealers in Mayfair, London.

It was spotted in Maggs’ catalogue by Dr Ian MacLennan, an Irish doctor who was a member of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. He bought it for an undisclosed sum, flew it back to Ethiopia and handed it over to the Orthodox church in July 2003.

Read the BBC’s story on the return
Raided Lost Ark returns home (BBC 1 July 2003)